{"id":2918,"date":"2020-12-17T14:33:05","date_gmt":"2020-12-17T11:33:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.hostixo.com\/?p=2918"},"modified":"2020-12-17T14:33:05","modified_gmt":"2020-12-17T11:33:05","slug":"linuxda-komut-satiri-ile-islem-yonetimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hostixo.com\/blog\/linuxda-komut-satiri-ile-islem-yonetimi\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux&#8217;da Komut Sat\u0131r\u0131 ile \u0130\u015flem Y\u00f6netimi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda sizler i\u00e7in Linux&#8217;da Komut Sat\u0131r\u0131 ile \u0130\u015flem Y\u00f6netimi hakk\u0131nda bilgi verece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n<p>Bir uygulamay\u0131 ya da bir program\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 i\u015flemler yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Mesela, bir \u0130nternet taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, taray\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak ile sorumlu olan bir i\u015flemin ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve taray\u0131c\u0131 kapat\u0131lana kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bir bash komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman bile, yeni bir i\u015flem olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 uygulama iki defa a\u00e7arsan\u0131z ya da herhangi bir ki\u015fi ayn\u0131 sistemde a\u00e7arsa iki i\u015flem ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2991 size-full lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.hostixo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/xbowtie_5f4fcde1691b38.46476319.jpg\" alt=\"Linux&#039;da Komut Sat\u0131r\u0131 ile \u0130\u015flem Y\u00f6netimi\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" title=\"\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1200px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1200\/675;\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2991 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hostixo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/xbowtie_5f4fcde1691b38.46476319.jpg\" alt=\"Linux&#039;da Komut Sat\u0131r\u0131 ile \u0130\u015flem Y\u00f6netimi\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" title=\"\"><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Adim-1-8211-Linux8217ta-islemleri-goruntulemek\">Linux\u2019ta \u0130\u015flemleri G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Yaz\u0131m\u0131za ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce her kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bilmesi gereken baz\u0131 terimler vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>PID<\/strong> \u2013 Yani i\u015flem numaras\u0131. Her i\u015flemin kendisine ait 5 basamakl\u0131 numaras\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu numaralar t\u00fckenir ve daha sonra tekrar kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanabilir. Fakat bir sistemde ayn\u0131 anda bir i\u015flem numaras\u0131ndan birka\u00e7 tane olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>PPID<\/strong> \u2013 \u0130\u015flem sahibine ait numarad\u0131r. Bir i\u015flemi ba\u015flatan i\u015flemin numaras\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0130\u015flemlerin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan\u00a0 komutlar <code>top<\/code>\u00a0ve\u00a0<code>ps<\/code>\u2018dir. \u0130kisi aras\u0131nda olan fark ise <code>top<\/code>\u2018\u0131n daha \u00e7ok interaktif olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve <code>ps<\/code>\u2018in de daha \u00e7ok di\u011fer bash komutlar\u0131yla birlikte kodlarda bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>En basit olan komutlar <code>\u00a0top<\/code>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<code>top<\/code>\u00a0 olan\u0131d\u0131r. Bu komutlar makinenin kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 en fazla t\u00fcketen i\u015flemlerin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Top komutunu terminalde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakine benzer bir ekran kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2990 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.hostixo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Screenshot_6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"638\" height=\"478\" title=\"\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 638px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 638\/478;\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2990\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hostixo.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Screenshot_6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"638\" height=\"478\" title=\"\"><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><code>top<\/code> komutu asl\u0131nda kendi ba\u015f\u0131na bir uygulamad\u0131r. Komut \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra yeni bir d\u00fczende i\u015flemlerin listesi \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcze gelir ve bu liste 1 &#8211; 2 saniyede bir s\u00fcrekli yenilenir. Bu yeni d\u00fczen klavye tu\u015flar\u0131 ile interaktif bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnek:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>h<\/strong> ya da <strong>?<\/strong> \u2013 Komutlar ile di\u011fer gerekli bilgileri g\u00f6steren yard\u0131m penceresinin g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>bo\u015fluk<\/strong> \u2013 Klavyenizde bulunan bo\u015fluk tu\u015funa basmak listenin bir sonraki yenilenme s\u00fcresini beklemeden hemen yeniler.<\/li>\n<li><strong>f<\/strong> \u2013 Listede g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesini ya da g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesini istemedi\u011finiz k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n d\u00fczenlemesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>q<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<code>top<\/code> uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 ya da uygulaman\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 herhangi bir pencerenin kapanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>l<\/strong> \u2013 Y\u00fck ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n ve uptime bilgisini g\u00f6sterilmesini veya gizlenmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>m<\/strong> \u2013 Memory (haf\u0131za) bilgisinin g\u00f6sterilmesini ya da gizlenmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><b>P<\/b> (shift + p) \u2013 CPU kullan\u0131m\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u015flemlerin listelenmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>s<\/strong> \u2013 Yenileme s\u00fcresinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmaya yarar. (Yeni yenileme s\u00fcresindeki de\u011fi\u015fimin\u00a0 saniye t\u00fcr\u00fcnde yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istenir.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><code>top<\/code> komutuyla belirli se\u00e7enekler de kullanman\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00d6rnek verecek olursak e\u011fer:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>-d yenieleme<\/code> \u2013\u00a0 yenileme s\u00fcresini de\u011fi\u015ftirerek yeni yenileme s\u00fcresini belirleyebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<li><code>-n say\u0131<\/code>\u00a0\u2013 sayfan\u0131z ka\u00e7 kez yenilenmesini belirterek \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><code>-p pid<\/code>\u00a0\u2013 Yaln\u0131zca belirli i\u015flem numaras\u0131na(<strong>pid<\/strong>) sahip i\u015flemlerin g\u00f6sterilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><code>-q<\/code> \u2013 Hi\u00e7 bir gecikme olmadan yenilemeyi sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu komut hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi almak i\u00e7in <code>man top<\/code> komutuna da ba\u015fvurabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><code>top<\/code> komutunun di\u011fer kullan\u0131\u015f alanlar\u0131:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flemlerini g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in <code>top -u kullanici<\/code> komutunu kullanman\u0131z gereklidir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>top<\/strong> uygulamas\u0131na girerek bir i\u015flemi yok etmek i\u00e7in o i\u015flemin numaras\u0131n\u0131 (<strong>pid<\/strong>) bulun daha sonra <strong>k<\/strong> tu\u015funa bas\u0131n. Ard\u0131ndan i<strong>\u015flem numaras\u0131<\/strong> girmeniz istenecektir.<\/li>\n<li>top komutunun \u015fimdiki ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 kaydetmek i\u00e7in Shift + W tu\u015flar\u0131na basman\u0131z gerekiyor. Bu ayarlar <code>\/root\/.toprc<\/code>\u2018ye kaydedilecektir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><code>ps<\/code>\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hostixo.com\/\">Linux<\/a>\u2019da i\u015flemleri g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan di\u011fer faydal\u0131 komuttur. <code>ps<\/code> komutu kullan\u0131larak en \u00e7ok uygulanan se\u00e7enekler:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>-e<\/code> \u2013 T\u00fcm i\u015flemlerin g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><code>-f<\/code> \u2013 Tam listeleme format\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<li><code>-r<\/code> \u2013 Yaln\u0131zca \u015fu anda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015flemlerin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><code>-u<\/code> \u2013 Belirli bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurulan se\u00e7enektir.<\/li>\n<li><code>--pid<\/code> \u2013 \u0130\u015flem numaras\u0131na g\u00f6re filtrelemeyi sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><code>--ppid<\/code> \u2013 \u0130\u015flem sahibinin numaras\u0131na g\u00f6re filtrelemeyi sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><code>-c<\/code> \u2013 \u0130\u015flemlerin adlar\u0131na ya da komutlar\u0131na g\u00f6re filtrelenmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><code>-o<\/code> \u2013 Belirtilen anahtar kelimelerin virg\u00fclle ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f listesiyle ili\u015fkili bilgilerin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>ps<\/strong> komutunun nas\u0131l kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren \u00f6rnekler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><code>ps -ef<\/code> \u2013 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmakta olan i\u015flemlerin listelenmesini sa\u011flar. Ayr\u0131ca\u00a0 <code>ps aux<\/code>\u00a0 komutu da ayn\u0131 i\u015flemi yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><code>ps -f -u kullan\u0131ciakullan\u0131cib<\/code> \u2013 Kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 filtreleyerek t\u00fcm i\u015flemlerin listelenmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><code>ps -f --pid numara<\/code> \u2013 \u0130\u015flem numaras\u0131n\u0131 filtreleyerek i\u015flemlerin listelenmesini sa\u011flar. <strong>PID<\/strong>\u00a0yerine\u00a0<strong>PPID<\/strong> yi de tercih edebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<li><code>ps -C command\/name<\/code> \u2013 Adlar\u0131na ya da komutlar\u0131na g\u00f6re i\u015flemlerin filtrelenmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li><code>ps aux --sort=-pcpu,+pmem<\/code> \u2013 En \u00e7ok CPU kullanan i\u015flemlerin listelenmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><code>ps -e -o pid,uname,pcpu,pmem,comm<\/code> \u2013 Belirli s\u00fctunlar\u0131n g\u00f6sterilmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><code>ps -e -o pid,comm,etime<\/code> \u00a0\u2013 \u0130\u015flem say\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015flan\u0131lan zamandan sonra ge\u00e7en s\u00fcrenin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span id=\"Adim-2-8211Islemleri-oldurmek-veya-islemlere-oncelik-vermek\">\u0130\u015flemleri Yok Etmek ya da \u0130\u015flemlere \u00d6ncelik Vermek<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Yukar\u0131da bahsettiklerimiz <code>top<\/code> komutu ile bir i\u015fleminin nas\u0131l yok edilece\u011finden bahsettik. Fakat bunu <code>kill<\/code> komutu ile de yapmam\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rnek verecek olursak e\u011fer:<\/p>\n<p><code>kill pid<\/code> \u2013\u00a0 pid yerine yok etmek istedi\u011finiz i\u015flemin numaras\u0131n\u0131 yazman\u0131z gerekmektedir. E\u011fer i\u015flemin yok edilmesinde zorlan\u0131rsan\u0131z, <code>kill -9 pid<\/code> komutunu kullanman\u0131z do\u011fru olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015flem y\u00f6netimi konusunda bir di\u011fer i\u015finize yarayacak komut ise <code>NICE<\/code>\u2018d\u0131r. E\u011fer ki, sisteminizde bir\u00e7ok i\u015flem \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorsan\u0131z i\u015flemlerin baz\u0131lar\u0131na \u00f6ncelik vermenizi sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle i\u015flemlerinizin hangilerinin daha \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6ren sisteminiz bunlar\u0131n ilk \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>Bu komut, \u00f6nemli i\u015flemlerin, biraz daha az \u00f6neme sahip olan i\u015flemlerden \u00f6ncelikli olmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Daha az \u00f6neme sahip olan i\u015flemleri, sistem uygun ko\u015ful bulabilirse yani belirli bir cpu kayna\u011f\u0131 bo\u015f olursa yapacakt\u0131r. Bu komuta <strong>-20 ile 19<\/strong> aras\u0131nda de\u011fer vermek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. De\u011fer ne derece az olursa i\u015flem o denli \u00f6ncelikli olacakt\u0131r. T\u00fcm\u00a0i\u015flemler i\u00e7in varsay\u0131lan \u00f6ncelik de\u011feri\u00a0<strong>0<\/strong>\u2018d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Temel s\u00f6z dizimi ise a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n<p><code>nice -n 'Nice degeri' islem\u00a0adi<\/code>\u00a0\u2013 \u00d6rnek:\u00a0<code>nice -n 8 ad<\/code>. Bu \u015fekilde \u00f6ncelik verilen i\u015flem <strong>yeni<\/strong> bir i\u015flemin olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fer sistemde zaten \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor olan bir i\u015fleme sahipseniz ve farkl\u0131 bir de\u011fer vermek istiyorsan\u0131z <code>renice 'Nice degeri' -p 'PID'<\/code> gibi bir komuta ba\u015fvurabilirsiniz. \u00d6rnek: <code>renice '8' -p '54125'<\/code><\/p>\n<h2>Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n<p>Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda, Linux\u2019da i\u015flemleri y\u00f6netme konusunda sizlere yard\u0131mc\u0131 olduk. Verilen komutlar\u0131 kullanarak uygulayabilece\u011finiz bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 kombinasyon bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Linux\u2019ta Komut Sat\u0131r\u0131 ile \u0130\u015flem Y\u00f6netimi yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n i\u015finize yarayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 umuyoruz.<\/p>\n<p>Linux\u2019ta Komut Sat\u0131r\u0131 ile \u0130\u015flem Y\u00f6netimi\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131m\u0131z ile ilgili akl\u0131n\u0131za tak\u0131lan sorular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 alabilmeniz i\u00e7in veya \u00f6neride bulunabilmeniz i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yer alan yorumlar k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak bizimle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>Dilerseniz daha \u00f6nce blo\u011fumuzda payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hostixo.com\/blog\/putty-kullanilarak-sunucuya-nasil-baglanilir\/\">Putty Kullan\u0131larak Sunucuya Nas\u0131l Ba\u011flan\u0131l\u0131r<\/a>\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 da okuyabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda sizler i\u00e7in Linux&#8217;da Komut Sat\u0131r\u0131 ile \u0130\u015flem Y\u00f6netimi hakk\u0131nda bilgi verece\u011fiz. Bir uygulamay\u0131 ya da bir program\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 i\u015flemler yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Mesela, bir \u0130nternet taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, taray\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak ile sorumlu olan bir i\u015flemin ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve taray\u0131c\u0131 kapat\u0131lana kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bir bash komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman bile, yeni bir i\u015flem olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2997,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mbp_gutenberg_autopost":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2918","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hostixo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2918","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hostixo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hostixo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostixo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostixo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2918"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostixo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2918\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostixo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2997"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hostixo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2918"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostixo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2918"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostixo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2918"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}